As students at Harvard in the midst of a busy spring semester, sometimes it’s too easy to feel that our campus is all there is: suddenly, trying Widener instead of Lamont is an adventure, and trekking to Annenberg breakfast is a cross-cultural journey. “Thinking Outside the Yard: International Professionals in Today’s World” challenged this Harvard-centric sentiment, as panelists spoke about experiences not only outside Harvard, but outside the United States.

As the program made clear, there is an immense world outside Cambridge that is waiting for us Harvard students to explore and understand. The real question: how do we prepare? Francisco Marmolejo Sr., a director and assistant vice president at University of Arizona, argued that learning foreign languages is the answer. “Only 45% of pages on the internet are in English, and by 2050, Madarin and Hindi are going to be the most spoken languages,” he projected. “Since speech is so important for becoming a successful professional, learning two or three languages is almost imperative.” Other panelists echoed the impact of foreign language study: Snezhana Zlatinova ‘07, an HBS student, unexpectedly used the German, French, and Mandarin she studied at Harvard in her first jobs as a business analyst overseas. “I was always using languages in unexpected places, and it had such a huge effect on my plans and career,” she explained.

However, not all of us can glean so much from a few Harvard language classes, which is why Professor Benedict Gross, a mathematics scholar and former Dean of Harvard College, suggested the only true and fast way to learn a foreign language is to travel to the country itself. “If you really want to learn a specific language, travel alone to where it’s spoken. People who travel in groups don’t actually get the full experience.” Francisco also encouraged the audience to persevere with learning difficult foreign languages. “Don’t worry too much about the mistakes you make,” he said.

Not only did panelists motivate the students in the audience to pursue experiences abroad, but some suggested that working internationally was actually a responsibility of the educated. Professor Max Essex, Chair of the Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative and the Botswana-Harvard AIDS Institute in Botswana, spoke from the standpoint of the research on infectious diseases. “These diseases do not have borders. They are spread across nations,” he explained. “It is irresponsible for the developed world not to have an interest or presence in developing countries to help solve the problem of these diseases.”

In any experience abroad, the panelists encouraged students to “stay loose” since it is really impossible to predict what will or will not work out in a foreign adventure. Stay relaxed, challenge yourself, and stay alert. And as Francisco put it, “There’s nothing you can learn more out of international experience than humility.”

— Julia Eger, ’14

Like Eritrean food and friendly faces? Hopefully you made it to the Explore Careers in Africa panel last week, because those were key ingredients. As students packed into the room, panelists discussed their varied experiences in Africa and doled out some pearls of wisdom for how to go about finding the right career in this country.

How does one get involved in this career field? Chris Golden ’05, an ecologist and epidemiologist who has been working in Madagascar for 12 years, stressed the importance of reaching out to people. “It really doesn’t hurt to send an email,” he explained. “You spend 15 minutes writing a few emails, and if you get an email back, you’ve won. Put yourself out there as much as possible.” Panelist Hugo Van Vuuren ’07, a student at the Harvard Graduate School of Design who was born and raised in Africa, suggested his audience try to connect with Harvard alumni living in Africa who could provide housing or, in his case, a “free scooter.”

Working in any foreign country comes with the potential for cultural shock, and this remains the case in several African nations as well. All panelists agreed that taking the effort to learn the local language is one of the most important things one can do to combat culture shock and get the most of his or her experience abroad. “Learning the local dialect shows your allegiance to that culture,” Hugo rationalized. Similarly, Dr. Vanessa Kerry, a director at the Harvard Medical School, expounded on the impact of deference towards a culture’s customs. “It’s incredibly important, regardless of the context you’re working in, to listen and observe and understand the culture before beginning your work,” she emphasized. “Take cues from the people you are with. Get assimilated.”

Finding a “career in Africa” covers quite a broad – and daunting – spectrum of opportunity, but Vanessa put any uncertain members of her audience at ease. “It’s great if you have a sense of what you want to do, but also great if you just have a cloudy concept of what you want to do in mind,” she assuaged. “The job process is a journey, especially in this field, and it’s probably going to take a while to find what you really want to do. Personally, I am still on this journey.” Chris spoke to this concept of uncertainty as well. Rather than worry about the “right” career choices, Chris encouraged his audience to take chances. “Do something totally random for a summer,” he urged. “Summers are your opportunity to explore.”

— Julia Eger, ‘14
This program was cosponsored by: The Office of Career Services, The Committee on African Studies (CAS), Harvard Africa Business Investment Club (HABIC), Youth Alliance for Leadership and Development in Africa (YALDA), and Harvard Africa Student Association (HASA).

Africa Resources
with Contributions from the Harvard African Student Association (HASA)

This is just a sampling of the many resources related to opportunities in Africa. Note that some organizations may charge a program fee, and it is your responsibility to check the range of services that they provide. For additional resources and information, visit the OCS website.

OFFICE OF CAREER SERVICES (OCS) WEB RESOURCES

• Crimson Careers - Jobs & Internships
• Peer2Peer
• Harvard Funding Database
• Going Global
• Weissman International Internship Reports
• OCS Summer Grants & Funding

GENERAL WEB/PRINT RESOURCES

• The Directory of American Firms Operating in Foreign Countries: available in the OCS Library.
  
• Directory of Development Organizations
  
• Economic Development Directory  
• The International Research Centers Directory: available in the OCS Library.
  
• International Volunteer Program Association
  
• World Association of Non-Governmental Organizations (WANGO)

HARVARD RESOURCES

• Committee on African Studies (CAS)
  
• Director’s Internship Program
  
• Harvard Global Health Institute
• Harvard Worldwide
  
• International Summer Undergraduate Research Opportunities (I-SURF)

INTERNSHIP/VOLUNTEER & JOB RESOURCES

• African Development Bank Group 
• The African Development Foundation (ADF)
• The African Studies Center at University of Pennsylvania
  
• The American Friends Service Committee (AFSC)
  
• The African Great Lakes Initiative (AGLI)
  
• Ashoka
  
• The Carter Center
  
• Dave’s ESL Cafe
  
• FINCA International
  
• Find a Job in Africa
  
• Foundation for Sustainable Development(FSD)
  
• Global Rights
  
• Habitat for Humanity
  
• Hellen Keller International(HKI)
  
• Human Rights Watch(HRW)
  
• i-to-i
  
• Idealist
  
• Intercultural Dimensions
  
• Learning Enterprises
  
• Malaria No More 
• One Heart Source
  
• Pambazuka News
  
• The Peace Corps
  
• Restless Development
  
• Teach Abroad
  
• Teaching English Abroad, by Susan Griffith: available in the OCS Library.
  
• Transitions Abroad
  
• UN Internships
  
• USAID
  
• Volunteers for Peace(VFP)
  
• WorldTeach
  
• World Camp

COUNTRY CAREER GUIDES

Country career guides provide information about job resources, cost of living, employment trends, interviewing advice, work permits, local industries, and current events. Websites that offer information about Africa and/or business include:

• Africa Online
  
• Africa South of the Sahara
  
• Info Please

EXPATRIATE RESOURCES

Expatriates are a great resource – learn directly from those who are there are or have been there. These expatriate websites offer tips and current information for a number of countries in Africa:

• ExpatExchange
  
• EscapeArtist

By now, the annual hunt for jobs and internships is in full swing, and students are looking for every advantage to help them plan the ideal summer. Those interested in architecture and urban planning are no exception. A fall workshop with Anthony Arcieri, career adviser at the Office of Career Services, laid out the best strategies and resources for students pursuing opportunities in these fields.

First, what do we mean by “architecture”?

• Combine art and science into the design of spaces and environments;
• Determine the needs of buildings and structures, and turn these needs into concepts for design;
• Create drawings and build scale models, complete with specifications;
• Supervise these projects in the field.

And what about “urban planning”?

• Focus on the structure and function of cities – tackling complex problems by developing strategies for growth and development through a broad vision;
• Research, design, and develop public programs;
• Effect social change by leading public processes and educating the public;
• Make policy recommendations and design regulatory strategies.

What is the job search process like?

Begin with a careful self-assessment – in essence, know who you are and where you want to go. Consider carefully what you most want from an employer and a general work experience. Then, compile a list of options you would like to pursue. You must also prepare the relevant job search documents (e.g. resume, cover letter), but these documents are much easier to prepare if you’ve done the necessary work before that. Finally, apply!

What are some good strategies and resources for exploring these fields?

The name of the game: plan, plot, prepare.

• Schedule an appointment for career counseling at OCS with Anthony Arcieri;
• Connect with alumni, students, and employers through Crimson Compass, peer2peer, and LinkedIn;
• Visit the OCS Reading Room and browse employer directories, field manuals, and more;
• Utilize online resources like Crimson Careers, UCAN & iNet, and Going Global;
• Talk to people you know working in these fields;
• Attend workshops, programs, and events in these fields;
• Seek out “externships” (shadowing) and volunteer opportunities at firms in these fields;
• Take part in a “Career Discovery Program” (database on ArchCareers.org).

Where will I find opportunities to work in architecture?

Common employers include:

• architecture firms (though they tend to reserve internships for students in full programs);
• nonprofit preservation societies (e.g. Historic New England);
• city planning (e.g. City of Boston Urban Mechanics Program);
• government-funded preservation programs (e.g. Office of Historic Resources);
• museums (e.g. National Building Museum).

What about urban planning?

• governments (e.g. towns, cities, states, and regional planning agencies);
• private sector (e.g. consulting firms/developers, venture capital, investment funds)
• nonprofits (e.g. associations, museums, foundations).

What’s the typical timeline for securing jobs and internships in these fields?

 Admittedly, the timeline varies depending on the industry, though most opportunities won’t become available until the spring. Nevertheless, the fall is not too early to begin building your contacts!

Other resources…

…in architecture:

-     American Institute of Architects Career Center

-     Arch Careers

-     American Institute of Architecture Students

-     Architectural Record

…in urban planning:

-     Urban Planning Now

-     American Planning Association

-     National Association of Regional Councils

-     Planetizen

Happy hunting!

—Nicandro Iannacci, ’13

For the last two years, I’ve been very involved in the arts scene at Harvard, both as a performer in and admiring observer of the great work happening every day on campus. It has been difficult, however, to imagine a career in the arts, to imagine translating that knowledge and experience into something tangible after graduation…until now.

Did you know that OCS offers paid subscriptions to employment journals in various fields? To take advantage of this great resource, you do have to visit OCS in person, but don’t let that deter you – on The National Employment Bulletin for the Performing Arts Professions, there have been 18 NEW JOB POSTINGS in the last week alone, and many more opportunities are listed as well. You can even filter the postings by state, by highest degree, by company and by various keywords to focus your search.

There are several journals like this one also available…more information soon! Visit OCS anytime to begin your own search today.

—Nicandro Iannacci, ’13

Recent years have demonstrated an increasing interest among Harvard undergraduates in pursuing careers for the “common good.” A recent OCS panel of Harvard alumni entitled Exploring Careers in Social Enterprise, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Non-Profit Consulting was no exception. Four alumni from the last two decades spoke to a packed audience on their unique experiences and the lessons they wish to pass on to aspiring candidates.

Jessica Hubbard is a Director of CSR at Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. An alumna of both Harvard College and Harvard Business School, Hubbard was an active member of the College Democrats and sorority life, in additional to serving as vice president of the Undergraduate Council; however, she admits that no one activity gave her the experience for her current career. For her, the idea of CSR means “engaging with social issues that create risks and opportunities for companies” – for example, selling textbooks to middle class families in India. Hubbard recalled a personal bias as an undergraduate, namely, that a “grown-up job” was for profit. Now, she spoke of an exciting field in which careers paths may not be clear but where it’s “all about the projects where you can add value” to a company and to the world.

Laura Moon serves as Director of the Social Enterprise Initiative at the Harvard Business School. A graduate of Harvard College and Stanford Business School, she emphasized the significance of following her “gut decision…that turned out to be right.” Seven months of world travel and six months of management consulting exposed her to many ideas and taught her a great deal in self-assurance, human dignity, and career interests. A firm believer in utilizing business for social change, Moon advised her audience to “listen to your internal voice” and then to “find the supplementary mechanisms to advance it.” By testing different pathways with a flexible, entrepreneurial spirit, you will find your best fit.

Michael Etzel is currently a first year student at Harvard Business School coming out of five years of work with the Bridgespan Group, a non-profit consulting firm. Etzel engages in what he calls “the business of social change,” in which economic models apply but different bottom lines drive decisions. Non-profit consulting, in short, consists of “smart people answering challenges” for which a non-profit has not (a) the time, or (b) the expertise. Etzel considering for-profit consulting as an undergraduate at Harvard College but quickly realized he wasn’t interested in the traditional questions asked by for-profit firms. Non-profit firms, in contrast, utilize a similar model of problem solving but leave you more control of your personal life. “Closing the door is not always a bad thing,” Etzel assured the audience. “If it doesn’t feel right, walk away.”

Ada Wan is the Talent Coordinator at New Profit, a national venture philanthropy firm, and also counts herself among Harvard College alumni. Wan first begin her professional career as an Associate at Google Boston’s online sales team, where she led a record-breaking “Google Cares” fundraiser for the Harvard Square Homeless Shelter. However, she discovered that “at for-profit organizations, non-profit causes are simply not a priority,” and she found her budget at Google slimming fast. She thus joined AmeriCorps, eventually leading to work at New Sector Alliance, a non-profit consulting firm, and her current role at New Profit. In choosing a place to work, Wan emphasized that each applicant “consider the culture of the group” by asking lots of questions during the interview process. These questions, as well as networking skills, will lead to a pleasing and successful career.

Despite the great diversity of interests and career paths, the four panelists agreed on a significant point: take control of your job search! These fields have no traditional ladders or institutions, which makes building a career more challenging and yet all the more enriching. As Etzel remarked to the group, “social change is hard,” but nevertheless rewarding.

—Nicandro Iannacci, ‘13

“Follow yourself,” Mark Zuckerberg preached in front of an awed audience of Harvard students on Monday, November 7th.

A Harvard dropout most renowned for his success in following his dreams, Zuckerberg was welcomed warmly back to campus by students and administrators. Over 200 students gathered in Farkas Hall to hear the CEO of Facebook speak during his first return to his alma mater since he left Harvard in 2004. Students first applied to attend the event before being notified if they earned a seat in the lecture; a waitlist of eager students also lingered outside the event hoping they would be able to fill in any empty seats. The vast majority of the audience consisted of students interested in computer science, engineering and applied math.

Sitting alongside Zuckerberg on stage were Mike Schroepfer, the vice-president of engineering at Facebook, Jocelyn Goldfein, a director of engineering at Facebook, as well as CS50 instructor David Malan who facilitated discussion throughout the conversation.

Much to the audience’s happiness, Zuckerberg spent a considerable amount of time reminiscing about his time at Harvard. A resident of Straus and then Kirkland, he spoke a lot about his strong inclination to experiment with programming, and to work incessantly on different projects until one clicked. “I just like making stuff,” he said. “When I was here, I was really just focused on hacking together a bunch of things and seeing what worked.”

While at Harvard, Zuckerberg built several websites that did not catch on in the same colossal way that his Facebook project did. These sites ranged from a “Course Match” website to help students plan and share their shopping week courses to a website called “6 Degrees of Harry Lewis,” which linked people appearing in the Crimson by finding their connections to the most frequently mentioned person: computer science professor Harry Lewis. He encouraged his audience to experiment with building different programs as well, and never to fear making mistakes. “Learning to engineer is kind of like riding a bike,” he advised. “You pick up different skills on the way; you learn something new with each project you do.” While he acknowledged that Facebook wrestles with bugs and problems in itself, users put up with them because the site is “fundamentally giving them value.”

In the beginning, Zuckerberg did not intend for Facebook to become a company – he simply thought it was a cool idea, and was a project he was interested in making for his friends. After divvying out roles to his two roommates, Dustin Moskovitz and Chris Hughes, Zuckerberg was able to promote the website until the project grew too big to contain at Harvard. “It was the momentum that kept us growing,” he said. “The users really carried us.” Since its conception, Facebook usage has grown exponentially: besides its increased user count growing to over 800 million people in the past 7 years, the average amount of information that a given person shares on Facebook is doubling every year.

Throughout his speech, Zuckerberg encouraged his undergraduate audience members to take chances in following their passions. In college, he and his friends would always muse over innovative ideas and what they thought was going to happen with social networks, but never expected that they would be the ones to accomplish the change. “Who are we, college students, to think we could build this?” they asked themselves. In retrospect, Zuckerberg said that they “thought the big companies – like Microsoft, Google, Amazon – would be the ones to take charge, but they just never got around to it.” Even Schroepfer acknowledged the incredible nature of Zuckerberg’s success: “It is shocking to think that one person couldn’t have an impact on the world, but then realize that they really, really could.”

While Zuckerberg’s return held sentimental value because of his Harvard connection, his visit was primarily a recruiting trip. He spoke of the Facebook office as one in which innovation is not only encouraged: it is necessary. According to Zuckerberg, Palo Alto’s Facebook office is a “culture of hacking and prototyping” in which engineers are constantly experimenting with new prototypes – experiments that often end up creating the best features on the website. Although the Facebook website caters to a similar amount of customers as other large internet websites, their team is much smaller, consisting of only about 700 engineers. What’s their criteria for hiring? For one, Schroepfer said that engineers need to be “excited about something in their lives, ideally about building things.” Aside from that, Schroepfer and Zuckerberg both agreed on the importance of being able to recognize the hardest leverage of a project to work on, and to figure out the problem in order to create an efficient final project.

One student asked Zuckerberg what he would be doing right now were he not the frontrunner of this billion-dollar company. “When I was at Harvard, I went to one of Bill Gates’ talks. The advice that he gave was that everyone should go take time off to work on something,” Zuckerberg replied. “Harvard is great because you can take as much time off as you want.” With this in mind, Zuckerberg said he might have gone back to finish his career at Harvard if the Facebook endeavor had failed.

“After all, my little sister made a bet that she’d finish college before me,” he laughed. “Oh yeah, she finished already. And it’s okay. I gave her the fifty dollars.”

— Julia Eger, ‘14

I’m never one to think much about “my future.” The mere concept seemed too silly, too forced, too elusive for me to comprehend, let alone plan for in any meaningful way. Whenever I’m asked about that amorphous beast, I brush off inquiries with a simple, “Oh, probably law school,” with little substantive thought to support such an answer.

So when I heard about a recent OCS workshop entitled Exploring Careers in Law and Law-Related Areas, I saw an opportunity to challenge my assumptions and seriously explore what a future in law might have in store. To guide my reflection were four experienced panelists:

-     Lexie Kuznick, deputy legal counsel, Joint Committee on Revenue at the Masschusetts State Legislature;

-     R.J. Lyman, senior partner, Goodwin Proctor LLC

-     Ben Hron, special counsel, McCarter & English LLP

-     Jennifer V. Avdeh, associate, Foley Hoag LLP

To be sure, no single set of circumstances led this panel to law school. Ben matriculated to Harvard Law School immediately after college, but he was the only panelist to choose this path. (He later expressed regret for not doing so.) Jenn took a few years off to work in financial services; Lexie spent a year with AmeriCorps; and R.J. spent five years working on energy and environmental issues.

Yet here they were, lawyers all, albeit on very different paths. For example, Lexie had pursued a public interest career, though law hadn’t been on her radar. However, her time at AmeriCorps and a fellowship at the Urban Justice Center in New York City led her to realize that knowledge of the law enabled new and greater levels of public interest work, and for that ability, she attended law school, despite her reservations about the material.

Jenn had been an English and political science major in college; she recommended that prospective lawyers “try on” the career through internships and other opportunities as she did. Similarly, Ben had maintained a handful of academic interests, including science and business; he eventually settled on law as an opportunity to combine these interests by working for particular kinds of companies.

Despite their differences, the panel agreed on the importance of thoughtful decisions. As Jenn explained, “Law is no longer a fallback career. Know why you want it.” R.J. shared perhaps the most poignant advice with the attendees, explaining that in a stack of resumes, what sets you apart is the self-knowledge of who you are and where you are in achieving your professional goals. The importance of conscious decision-making could not be understated. “Don’t do anything without a reason,” he implored. “Make deliberate decisions.”

—Nicandro Iannacci, ‘13

OCS Student Blogger: Exploring Careers in Brand Management

This past Wednesday, OCS hosted an event that focused on careers in brand management. The program revolved around a panel of five professionals who each had a unique level of experience in the field of brand management – working at companies ranging from IDEO, Digitas, and Arnold Worldwide – but all shared an all-encompassing overview of the industry as a whole.

While perhaps most people define brand management in terms of marketing, Lauren Murphy ’11, who currently works as a business strategy analyst for Arnold Worldwide, simply put that there’s “no straightforward answer to define what brand management is,” but for a good reason: there are so many aspects by which to encapsulate this industry that it’s impossible to limit its definition to just one facet. Eric Korsh, VP at Digitas, described his position as a “combination of advertising, marketing, and filmmaking,” adding that he likes his career “because there are so many different components.”

Scott Karambis, VP at Sapient, highlighted the creative aspect of the field. “[One] has to find ways to create an idea that doesn’t exist yet,” later quipping, “and how does a person get people to pay for that?” He characterized marketing as “the least ‘buttoned-up’ place,” where “the ability to communicate precisely and clearly is the most crucial talent to have.” Panelist Michael Hendrix, location director and associate partner at IDEO, had similar advice but stressed the importance of “creating authentic relationships and stories” with clients, a gesture after which “everything else falls into place.”

Several panelists referenced the evolving and expanding nature of the industry, especially with the recent additions of social media and the endless opportunities for advertising and marketing available on the internet. “It’s an ever-changing idea, with a lot of opportunities,” Korsh said. Karambis referenced the industry as one of “high turnover,” but suggested that if one “like[s] change and evolution than [one] will like brand management.”

The panelists also discussed the frustrating aspects of the industry that they had been faced with so far. Murphy lamented that she had seen many companies limit themselves in terms of digital and social media, when she had “wanted to see [them] push so much farther.” Another panelist described her exasperation in being unable to sell an idea to a client when she “know[s] it is right for them and will help them grow.”

Where exactly does a college graduate begin in trying to break into the world of brand management? All panelists agreed there is no “right” or even “suggested” path to involve oneself in the field. Murphy said she found her way into brand management through a series of unpaid internships throughout her college years that ultimately guided her into the position she has now. She emphasized the importance of the internship experience as well as the opportunities for networking that internships provide.

Catherine Sheehan, associate director at Allen & Gerritsen, discussed her journey into brand management, and highlighted the surprising things one might personally gain in a any job position. “It’s interesting that what doesn’t exactly work for you as an individual sometimes ends up getting you to where you want to be,” she mused, highlighting the nebulous nature of the job market: one can never know when the spark of a perfect job opportunity is going to hit or where it’s going to come from.

—Julia Eger, ‘14

On Wednesday, September 21, OCS sponsored an event entitled “The New Journalism” in which a panel of four individuals with careers in journalism discussed the future of the ever-evolving industry. Sitting on the panel were Maria Balinska, founder and editor of Latitude News (an online international news service); Joshua Benton, the director of the Neiman Journalism Lab (a research and reporting center about journalism); Terry Byrne, a correspondent for the Boston Globe; and Michael Fitzgerald, an independent journalist.

The program itself brought up the changing industry and the repercussions of the metamorphosis: in an age in which teenagers can author a post on Wikipedia and call themselves “journalists,” is the industry on its way to complete destruction?

Traditional journalism has, of course, been interrupted by the internet. But the explosion of online media has created more – yet very different – opportunities for writers. And according to the Census Bureau, the number of people who consider themselves writers or journalists has increased. However, this increase of online media shifts the playing field of the industry, and now the edge in the industry goes to more independent writers and entrepreneurs, rather than what we would consider traditional journalists, like writers for the New York Times.

Byrne, an art writer, acknowledged that the decline in traditional newspaper means a decline in those traditional jobs, and that online journalism is naturally less lucrative for writers. However, Byrne also called attention to the freedom now allotted to all writers. Historically, journalists have been bound to covering stories dictated by their superiors in the office, but now writers have the liberty to create their own blogs and website in which they can choose their own subject material. “If you can approach a blog or website with the same diligence as any reporter covering any beat, and make relationships with your followers on your beat, then it’s just as good as having followers of a newspaper,” Byrne said. She also praised the unique addition of video to news stories and reviews, saying that it had been a missing sector in traditional print that can now easily be included in online postings.

A few of the members of the panel acknowledged another way in which the view of the “typical journalist” has evolved. In this day and age, they said, there are many more careers where journalism is a part but not a whole job – the number of people who can have journalism as their sole profession has decreased over the past few years. Benton and Fitzgerald both agreed that blogs and websites over time will move away from having one person control all aspects of a given publication – because an individual is not necessarily going to be talented with writing, photography, and filming, so those different media tasks will likely be broken up between a team of people. Fitzgerald also mentioned that it is much easier to be an editor these days than to be a journalist: editors are paid much more, even though journalism may appear to be a more glamorous career.

In terms of preparing for the future, all panelists agreed upon the importance of honing internet skills, because everything is going to be related to content that is online. With this knowledge of the changing tides in mind, Fitzgerald implored his audience to take control of their futures: “if you have an entrepreneurial bone in your body,” he said, “you should build it up and run with it.” 

 —Julia Eger, ‘14